Muoio DM, Noland RC, Kovalik J-P, Seiler SE, Davies MN, DeBalsi KL, et al
The largest of these (still fairly small, n=159) was a randomized and controlled clinical trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine , and found that a dose of 100 mcg twice per day improved quality of life, reduced eye involvement, and slowed disease progression among participants with mild Graves' orbitopathy (compared to pentoxifylline or placebo)
Studies in aged rats show that mitochondrial membrane potential, cardiolipin content, respiratory control ratio, and cellular oxygen uptake are significantly reduced compared to young animals, while oxidative stress markers are elevated
Stay hydrated throughout the day to support metabolic functions
Muscle Nerve 2007